Financial Reporting Valuations for Adelaide Boards, Finance Teams and Funds

Level 3 fair values, goodwill impairment tests, purchase price allocations and exploration asset reviews for South Australian entities reporting under Australian Accounting Standards, with every input sourced so the audit team can retrace the work.

Indicative valuations from A$799. Certified Summary and Detailed reports from seven business days.

A financial reporting valuation supports a figure in the accounts that is an estimate rather than a transaction, and gives the auditor evidence to test under ASA 540. Adelaide entities most often need AASB 13 fair values for unlisted holdings, AASB 136 impairment tests, AASB 3 purchase price allocations and AASB 2 values for staff awards.

Why judgement-based numbers in the accounts draw the auditor's attention

A set of accounts mixes records with estimates. The value of an unlisted stake, the support for goodwill booked on an acquisition, the intangibles really bought in a deal, the cost of options granted to staff and whether a tenement still justifies its carrying amount are all estimates, and each rests on a valuation. Under ASA 540 the auditor has to test every one of them, and for a finance team in the Adelaide CBD or an audit committee meeting in the East End that testing has become more demanding year by year.

A poor estimate costs more than an uncomfortable audit. A venture fund carrying its stake in a Lot Fourteen space start-up at a stale, generous value reports gains it has not made and may collect fees on them. An impairment recognised a year late flatters profit until it lands, and then can trip a lending covenant. A Regency Park manufacturer acquired with the whole premium parked in goodwill, instead of split among customer contracts, the brand and the technology, carries the wrong amortisation and the wrong impairment base for years.

South Australia's reporting entities give these questions a local character. Resources and energy groups run from Adelaide carry exploration and evaluation assets that AASB 6 tests against its own indicators, often for copper and other minerals across the Gawler Craton. Defence and advanced manufacturing suppliers in the northern suburbs and at Tonsley grow by acquisition and end up with purchase price allocations and goodwill to support. Wine groups in the Barossa, McLaren Vale and the Clare Valley hold brands and goodwill that come under test when an export market shifts. Health and biomedical businesses around BioMed City, listed small caps, private capital managers and not-for-profit boards reporting to the ACNC all meet the same expectation for a Level 3 estimate, and ASIC's financial reporting surveillance has repeatedly listed impairment and the values of unlisted assets among its areas of focus.

We prepare these valuations for CFOs, audit committees, fund managers and the auditors reviewing their work, and we shape each engagement around the questions the audit team will ask. A valuation that cannot get through that conversation has not done its job.

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Andrew Mackson
Andrew Mackson, CFA, ABV, CBV
Managing Partner · 15+ years
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Four accounting standards and the question each one asks

Nearly every reporting valuation comes from one of four standards. Each poses its own question, measures on its own basis and is audited in its own way; a resources company faces a fifth question under AASB 6.

AASB 136: goodwill, cash-generating units and recoverable amount

Goodwill and indefinite-life intangibles are tested every year; other assets are tested when an indicator appears, and a market capitalisation below net assets is one such indicator. Each cash-generating unit's carrying amount is set against its recoverable amount, the higher of value in use and fair value less costs of disposal. Value in use relies on forecasts the board has approved, normally for no more than five years, for the assets as they stand, discounted at a pre-tax rate.

AASB 13: what an unlisted holding would sell for

Fair value is an exit price: the amount a market participant would pay for an asset, or demand to assume a liability, in an orderly transaction on the measurement date. Inputs fall into three levels, and nearly every private company holding sits in Level 3, where the entity's own assumptions drive the answer and the disclosure demands are heaviest. A recent arm's length round is a useful anchor, but it has to be calibrated and rolled forward at each reporting date rather than repeated.

AASB 3: dividing the price after an acquisition

When a deal completes, the consideration is spread across the identifiable assets and liabilities at fair value, including intangibles the target never booked: customer relationships, brands, technology, the order book and restraint covenants. Goodwill is whatever remains. Contingent consideration such as an earn-out is recognised at its acquisition-date fair value and, if classed as a liability, remeasured through profit or loss until it is settled.

AASB 2: equity awards to staff

Options and performance rights granted to employees are measured at grant-date fair value using an option pricing model and expensed over the vesting period. How that accounting figure differs from the employee's Division 83A tax value, and why the gap matters for an Adelaide growth company, is covered on our employee share scheme page.

AASB 6: exploration assets held by South Australian resources companies

Exploration and evaluation assets have their own impairment triggers. AASB 6 lists a right to explore that has expired or will expire soon with no renewal expected, substantive further spending that is neither budgeted nor planned, a decision to stop activity in an area after finding no commercially viable quantities, and data suggesting the carrying amount is unlikely to be recovered by development or sale. Once a trigger exists, the asset is measured under AASB 136 at a level no larger than an operating segment. With no reliable cash flow forecast yet available, the valuation usually leans on transactions in comparable tenements, and the term and renewal history of each exploration licence belong in the evidence file.

How we build the file the auditor will review

For AASB 13 fair values we begin with the value of the whole enterprise, using the market approach with multiples from listed peers and comparable transactions and the income approach with a discounted cash flow, as far as the company's stage and data allow. That enterprise value is then allocated across the share classes through a waterfall, an option pricing method or a backsolve to the latest round. If the fund invested recently, the model is calibrated to reproduce that price at that date, and later inputs move only for what has changed since: trading against plan, peer multiples and milestones. Debt holdings are valued on yield against current rates for similar risk, cross-checked against enterprise value cover, and a convertible note may have to be split under AASB 9 into a host debt and an embedded derivative remeasured each period.

Impairment work starts before any modelling, with how cash-generating units are drawn and how goodwill is allocated, because a unit drawn too widely lets a healthy business shelter a failing one, and auditors look for that first. Value in use then follows the standard: cash flows for the assets in their current state, excluding expansion capital and uncommitted restructuring, a terminal growth rate backed by long-run evidence, and a pre-tax discount rate solved by iteration from a market-based post-tax weighted average cost of capital, not grossed up. For an Adelaide defence or engineering supplier with lumpy contract revenue, the forecast is checked against the contracted order book and the tenders the board has actually approved. Where value in use sits close to the carrying amount we also estimate fair value less costs of disposal on market participant assumptions, because recoverable amount is the higher of the two and testing only one can produce a write-down that should never have been booked.

For a purchase price allocation, each intangible is identified and valued with a method suited to it: multi-period excess earnings for customer relationships, relief from royalty for brands and technology, a with-and-without comparison for restraint covenants, and replacement cost for the assembled workforce as a contributory asset. A wine label bought with a Barossa or Clare Valley producer is a typical relief from royalty case. The returns implied for each asset are reconciled to the return on the whole deal, which is the test the auditor applies. That work becomes the starting point for the first impairment test and for tax cost setting, and the sensitivity and headroom tables are built in the layout the notes require, so they drop straight into the disclosures.

What the auditor will ask for, already on file

Why reporting valuations come unstuck at audit

These findings are what turn a routine audit into a modified opinion, a restatement or correspondence with ASIC.

Report Types and Pricing: Valuations From A$799

Because these valuations are prepared for an auditor, and at times for a regulator reviewing the auditor, nearly all of them are certified. The exception is planning: a board that wants to know whether a write-down is coming, or how a proposed acquisition would reshape the balance sheet, before it commits.

Indicative Valuation
From A$799
Choose this if the board needs an early internal view of headroom, a probable impairment or the broad shape of a purchase price allocation before the reporting date. Intended for internal decision-making; it is not a certified opinion for lenders, courts or the ATO.
Delivery: from seven business days after receipt of all information
Up to 50 pages
Internal audience
Can be used in litigation
Capital structure: common equity, bank/shareholder loans
Compliant with ATO market value guidance
APES 225 Valuation Engagement
Certified and signed by an experienced practitioner
Completed and reviewed by well trained staff
Considers and applies, when relevant, all 3 valuation approaches (income, market, asset)
Applies multiple cost of capital estimates (limited to 3)
Executive summary
Statement of limiting conditions
Valuation exhibits
Glossary
Table of contents
Company review
Industry review
Economic review
Discussion of valuation approaches and types of discounts
Discussion of the application of valuation approaches and discounts
Conclusion
Email support
Closing Zoom Call
Detailed Valuation
Contact for Pricing
Choose this for goodwill impairment, an exploration asset review, a purchase price allocation, a portfolio of Level 3 positions, or any estimate likely to draw audit committee or ASIC attention, where each input has to be traceable and repeatable. Certified and signed. Applies and reconciles all relevant approaches in full so another expert can follow the reasoning.
Delivery: from seven business days after receipt of all information
150+ pages
Internal and external audience, including for litigation or when likely to be reviewed by others
Can be used in litigation by a broad range of professionals
Capital structure: common equity, bank/shareholder loans
Compliant with ATO market value guidance
APES 225 Valuation Engagement
Certified and signed by an experienced practitioner
Completed and reviewed by well trained staff
Considers and applies, when relevant, all 3 valuation approaches (income, market, asset)
Applies multiple cost of capital estimates (full set of 12)
Executive summary
Statement of limiting conditions
Valuation exhibits
Glossary
Table of contents
Company review (full)
Industry review (full)
Economic review (full)
Discussion of valuation approaches and types of discounts (full)
Discussion of the application of valuation approaches and discounts (full)
Conclusion
Email support
Closing Zoom Call

See the full Services and Pricing page

What the report contains and who answers for it

The report is laid out in the order an auditor works through it: the accounting question, the unit of account, the measurement date, the information used, the method and why it was chosen, each input with its source and date, the calculation, the sensitivities and the disclosure schedule. Every judgement is explained in plain language at the point it is made, so an audit reviewer in the Adelaide CBD can follow it without rebuilding the model.

A certified valuer signs each report, answers the auditor's questions directly, walks the audit committee through the sensitivities and defends the conclusion if it is challenged, including as an expert witness in the Supreme Court of South Australia if a reported value becomes part of a commercial dispute. We plan around your close timetable and work with the finance team and the auditor from the start, because a valuation that arrives after the accounts are signed is an argument, not evidence.

Worth asking at the next audit committee meeting

If the auditor rejects a single assumption, how far does the conclusion shift, and do we already know the answer? A valuation that cannot answer on the spot has not been stress-tested.

Financial reporting valuations: questions from Adelaide finance teams and audit committees

Any valuation prepared to support a figure in financial statements drawn up under Australian Accounting Standards. The common ones are the fair value of an unlisted investment under AASB 13, the recoverable amount of a cash-generating unit under AASB 136, the allocation of an acquisition price under AASB 3 and the grant-date fair value of staff awards under AASB 2. Each is an accounting estimate the auditor examines under ASA 540, so the report is written for that reader: method, inputs, sources, sensitivities and the disclosures the notes need.
Every year as a minimum, whether or not anything looks wrong, and again whenever an indicator of impairment appears. Indefinite-life intangibles and intangibles not yet in use follow the same annual rule. Other non-financial assets are tested only when an indicator exists, and that check is made at every reporting date, including the half-year for entities that report then. Common indicators include results well short of budget, the loss of a major contract or licence, rising market interest rates and a market capitalisation below the carrying amount of net assets.
Value in use is calculated on pre-tax cash flows that leave out tax and financing, so the rate has to match. We build a post-tax weighted average cost of capital from observable inputs, namely the risk-free rate, an equity risk premium, peer betas, a target gearing level and the cost of debt, and then solve by iteration for the pre-tax rate that gives the same value on pre-tax cash flows as the post-tax rate gives on post-tax cash flows. Dividing the post-tax rate by one minus the tax rate is a different calculation, and auditors check which one was done.
For a short time, and only with work behind it. A recent arm's length round is good evidence of fair value on the day it closed, and the model should be calibrated to return that price. At each later reporting date the inputs are refreshed for what has moved: trading against plan, comparable multiples, milestones met or missed, and any change in the rights attached to the securities held. A round price carried unchanged through several periods is among the first things an auditor, or ASIC, will question in a Level 3 disclosure.
It splits the price paid for a business across the assets and liabilities acquired, at fair value, so the accounts show what was really bought. Customer relationships, brands, technology and restraint agreements are recognised separately, each with its own useful life and amortisation pattern, and only what is left becomes goodwill. An earn-out or deferred payment is included at acquisition-date fair value. The allocation drives the amortisation charge, the base for later impairment tests and the tax cost setting work, so getting it right once costs far less than fixing it later.
No. Exploration and evaluation assets under AASB 6 are not tested every year by default; they are assessed against the standard's own indicators, such as an exploration right that has expired or will soon expire without expected renewal, no substantive further spending budgeted or planned, or a decision to stop work in an area after finding no commercially viable resource. Once an indicator exists, the asset is measured under AASB 136 at a level no larger than an operating segment. Because there is usually no dependable cash flow forecast at that stage, the valuation tends to rest on comparable tenement transactions and on how the market prices similar projects.
Very likely. Losing a significant market is the kind of external change AASB 136 treats as an indicator, so the cash-generating unit that carries the brand and any goodwill has to be tested at the next reporting date, and a brand with an indefinite life is tested every year regardless. The work starts with the forecast: volumes and prices by market, the cost of redirecting stock to other buyers and how long that would realistically take. A brand bought in an earlier acquisition is usually valued by relief from royalty, and unless it earns largely independent cash inflows, the comparison is made at the level of the unit rather than the brand alone.
Indicative valuations start from A$799 and are intended for internal decision-making, so they suit an owner who wants a well-reasoned range before committing to anything. Summary and Detailed reports are certified and are quoted after a free consultation, because the fee depends on the purpose, the number of entities, the state of the records and whether the opinion must withstand review by a court, the ATO or another expert. The fee is confirmed in the engagement letter before work starts, and every report is delivered from seven business days after we receive the information.

Book a Free Consultation

Talk your situation through with a certified valuer before you commit to anything, at no cost.

Andrew Mackson
Andrew Mackson, CFA, ABV, CBV
Managing Partner · 15+ years
Book a Free Consultation →

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Certified Valuation Reports From Seven Business Days

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